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Monday, 29 June 2020

How DNA helped me find...all the Brimble children

St Mary's, Kingston Deverill, Wiltshire
I have been researching my family history since the early 1980s and in 1989 I completed the Diploma in Family Historical Studies through SAG.  My thesis was based on one of my paternal families - The Brimbles who immigrated to Australia in 1850 from Kingston Deverill,  Wiltshire.

I took a DNA test with AncestryDNA in 2017 and was fascinated to find matches that confirmed my research. I realised what a benefit it would be to test other family members, so subsequently tested my parents and my sister. I have now also tested two aunt’s and have access to several cousins kits as well.

The Brimble and Forward families


Family tree of my paternal grandfather, Alfred Hails
My 3 x great grandmother, Isabella Brimble was baptised on 22 Feb 1835 at St Mary’s the parish church of Kingston Deverill, the youngest of 7 known children born to John Brimble and Sarah Forward. John and Sarah had married at Kingston Deverill on 26 May 1817.


Her father, John, a shepherd, was born in 1785 the son of James Brimble and Priscilla Maidment of Kingston Deverill, a village in the Deverill Valley.  The six villages of the valley – Kingston, Monkton, Brixton Deverill, Hill Deverill, Longbridge Deverill and Crockerton – are known as the Deverills.

Her mother, Sarah Forward was born in 1794, the daughter of John Forward and Hannah Mills in the small town of Mere, which is just 6 km away.

Children of John Brimble and Sarah Forward

At the time I completed my thesis we knew:

The five younger children were still living at home with their parents at the time of the 1841 census.


John died on 19 October 1844, aged 58 and was buried in St Mary’s churchyard.


At some point, Sarah and four of her children made the decision to immigrate to Australia but were unable to obtain passage on the same ship.


Sarah, Jonathan and Isabella travelled on the Lord Stanley and arrived in Port Jackson on 26 August, 1850. After their arrival, they made their way to the Newcastle district.

Andrew Brimble and Sophia Brimble the Emigrant



The other two children, Sophia and Andrew, together with Andrew’s wife, Louisa and daughter Emily had obtained passage on the Emigrant which departed from Plymouth in April 1850. No doubt seeking a better life in Australia, they knew nothing of the ordeal that lay ahead as they endured a typhus outbreak on a disease ravaged ship. When the Emigrant arrived in Moreton Bay on 13 August, the nightmare continued as they spent a further three long months in quarantine on Stradbroke Island.




Sophia was not listed on the shipping indents, but she is mentioned in a letter written by the ship's Captain Kemp, which was published in the Moreton Bay Courier, 7 Sep 1850. She died at sea on 28 July, four days after the ship had entered Bass Strait, of fever.




Shipping records indicated that a child named William was born to Andrew and Louisa on 13 August, the same day the ship entered Moreton Bay. He was later baptised as Andrew Brimble on 24 October on Stradbroke Island.

Ironically, although shipping records indicated Andrew Senior's health was good on arrival, he died just three days after his son's baptism. It’s believed that his failing health and imminent death, may explain the change in his son’s name.


Another John Brimble, Andrew’s father’s cousin, was also onboard with his wife Elizabeth and their three children. Elizabeth also died from typhus and their young son, Samuel died from burns he received in an accident whilst they were still in quarantine.

Report of Samuel Brimble's death [Morton Bay Courier - 5 Oct 1850]
A total of 40 people died of typhus fever, following its outbreak on board the Emigrant. A memorial plaque has since been erected to mark the graves of those who died at Dunwich and during the voyage.


The book, The Tragedy of the "Emigrant" Ship of Death was released last year by Queensland author, Jane Smith.
Ship of Death by Jane Smith

The Emigrant is also featured in Kerry O'Brien's episode of Who Do You Think You Are as his ancestors were also onboard.


Christchurch, Newcastle


Sarah did not live very long after their arrival in the colony and she died in 1 May 1851 and was buried at Christchurch Burial Ground, Newcastle.

Andrew’s widow, Louisa was reunited with her husband’s family in Newcastle and on 10 Jan 1853, a triple marriage ceremony took place at Christchurch. The first was the marriage of Louisa to James May. The next ceremony was between Isabella and John Court, and the final ceremony between Jonathan and Bridget Egan.

Louisa and James May went on to have 10 children together.

Isabella and John Court had a family of seven children - they are my 2 x great grandparents.

Jonathan and Bridget did not have any children and sadly he died just five years later of stomach cancer. 

What happened to the other 3 children?


James and Harriet did not appear on the 1841 census with the rest of the family. At the time I completed my thesis, I had consulted a number of resources that were available, but had no success locating any of them. 

Over the years, as more records became available online I was eventually able to find out what happened to James and Harriett.

James Maidment Brimble


John and Sarah's first child James Maidment Brimble was baptised on 12 October, 1817.


James married Ann Smith on 02 Nov 1840 at Midsomer Norton in Somerset, his sister, Harriett was one of the witnesses.

Marriage Certificate - James Maidment Brimble and Ann Smith - 1840
He and Ann were living at Stratton on Foss at the time of the 1841 census and then later settled in Midsomer Norton and went on to have ten children.


James died on 13 August 1870 in Midsomer Norton, Somerset, at the age of 53, and was buried in Downside, Somerset.


About a year ago, I noticed my father and his 3rd cousin, PA, had a shared DNA match at both AncestryDNA and MyHeritage with KG. She had a small unlinked tree of 4 people at AncestryDNA, and no tree at My Heritage. I must have felt like a challenge that day, but with birth and death details for her father in the USA, I felt I had enough to make a start on a Quick and Dirty tree.

I was able to trace KG’s maternal line back to her 2 x great grandfather, James Maidment Brimble. James's widow, Ann and 2 daughters, Kate and Eliza had immigrated to the USA in 1877.  Eliza is KG’s great grandmother.

KG also has a number of shared matches with other known Brimble and Forward descendants.

Harriett Brimble


Harriett, was baptised at St. Mary's on 23 May, 1820 the same day as her second cousin, George, the son of John's cousin, Thomas Brimble.


Harriet was found living in Bath as a servant at the time of the 1841 census and she married George Hendershot Saxty in 1844 at St. James, Bath.


Harriet and George immigrated to the USA where they are noted on the 1850 census in New York with their 3 young children who were all born in the UK. They had a further three children.


Her husband, George was naturalised in 1856 and in 1862 enlisted in the Civil War with the 109th Infantry Company of the New York Regiment with the rank of Musician.


Harriett died in January 1901 having lived a long life of 81 years and is buried at Prospect Hill Cemetery, Washington, DC.

I had contact with a descendant of this branch of the family about 15-20 years ago after I had put my thesis online. However, more recently I’ve been able to confirm another 5 DNA matches on this line, including the daughter of my previous contact, which was nice to reconnect.

Shared matches 


One afternoon, late in 2018 I decided to do some surname searches of our AncestryDNA matches to see if there were any new results.

I found a new match - BB - who had a tree, and I could see that she descended from Harriet Brimble. She was a shared match with my cousin, and also with another match, ED.

Shared matches between CH and BB at AncestryDNA

I'd been in contact with ED who was from Canada, when I first got my results some 18 months earlier, but at the time, we had no shared matches and couldn't see a connection.

Extract from ED's tree at Ancestry
I decided to have another look at her tree. No surnames or locations stood out, but I noticed she had a Caroline about the right age in her tree … the wife of Robert Welch and they had a daughter, Elmira born in Toronto, Canada.

Caroline Brimble


Our Caroline was baptised on 21 April, 1822 and appeared on the census for Kingston Deverill in 1841 with her parents and siblings and was described as 18 years of age, and a Farm Servant.


I went back to my notes on Caroline Brimble - I had searched marriages and deaths years ago, without any luck. At some point, I had also searched the English census for any Caroline's born about 1822 in Kingston Deverill - and had actually found a Robert and Caroline Welch living in Limpley Stoke, Wiltshire with three children. I hadn’t pursued this any further as I couldn’t find a marriage for this couple and searches of subsequent English censuses for this family had proved unsuccessful.


I then remembered that the GRO Indexes now include the mother's maiden name and found births for Jane Brimble, James Welch and William John Welch. All occurred in the Bradford Union which corresponded with the family I had identified on the 1851 census.


Jane and James Robert were baptised together at Limpley Stoke on 7 July 1850 the children of Robert and Caroline Welch.


Now that I had Worldwide access to Ancestry I searched the Census records for Canada and found a widowed Caroline Welsh in 1871 together with her two sons and daughters, Almyra, Caroline and Louisa, who had been born in Canada.


Based on the children’s births, the family must have immigrated to Canada between 1851-1855. James appears to have died some time prior to 1871.


Caroline has also been noted on the 1881 and 1891 census. In 1891 she was listed as Carry Welch, living with her married daughter, Carrie Freeman.


Caroline died 28 May 1893 at Elgin, Ontario of paralysis and is buried at St. Peter's Church Cemetery, Dunwich, Ontario.


So, after nearly 30 years, through collaboration, traditional research and more recently using DNA and specifically shared matches I am confident this is our Caroline and that we have sufficient evidence to now account for all of John and Sarah’s children.

Having confirmed the paper connection, we have also been able to identify shared matches back to Caroline’s grandparents, John Forward and Hannah Mills.

Shared Brimble/Forward DNA matches


My cousin, SH and dad’s third cousin, PA have shared their AncestryDNA matches with me and this has been really beneficial. This matrix shows who matches who within the cluster of our shared matches.

I’ve also put together a consolidated tree of our confirmed matches back to John Forward and Hannah Mills through the various branches of the family.

John Forward and Hannah Mills - known DNA matches 


Confirmed Forward/Mills Segment Data


The icing on the cake has been finding a triangulated segment on Chromosome 16 back to Sarah’s parents, John Forward and Hannah Mills, through Sarah’s line and that of her brother James.


Although we have over 40 matches between us, most have tested at AncestryDNA - it would be wonderful if we could compare our results further at a site with a chromosome browser such as MyHeritage or at Gedmatch! 

Further reading

Saturday, 23 May 2020

Using DNA tools to solve a genealogical mystery.

I’ve been working on my family history for nearly 40 years and have an extensive family tree.

Like many, I have a few brick walls and hoped that DNA would help progress some of those lines.

I’m fortunate that I’ve been able to test both my parents, so am able to focus on their results and I'm using my Dad, Colin's results in this blog.

What was my DNA Goal?
Ancestry DNA match

Dad has 28 matches in the 3rd cousin range at Ancestry and I was able to place all of them in our tree. All but 2 of these matches are on his paternal line.

However, once I got to the “4th cousins” range I started to have quite a few unknown but still reasonable sized matches.

Dad’s highest unknown maternal match, Penny, shared 55cM across 5 segments and was in the 4-6th cousin range and they had 8 shared matches. Of course, very few had trees!

So, who is Penny? Who are this group of unknown matches and who are our shared ancestors?  Penny doesn’t match with either of dad’s other “close” maternal cousins.

To answer these questions, I used a variety of DNA tools.

The Leeds Method

Example - The Leeds Method
I had tried the Leeds Method, a process where you divide your matches into four coloured quadrants, generally representing each grandparent line. It’s not completely accurate 100% of the time, especially when you are dealing with more distant matches, intermarriage and/or endogamy.

In summary:
  • on a spreadsheet, you list all of your matches through at least third cousins
  • then check each match to see who you match in common with them
  • colour code the results, in columns
  • The result is that each colour should represents a grandparent
As you can see, I actually went beyond the third cousin limit, as I was focusing on dad’s maternal side and these shared matches with Penny, and I had noticed another group of matches appeared, that overlapped with some already in Penny’s group.  

On reflection, this is very similar to doing Ancestry’s coloured dots - but they were not available when I I did this!

Manual Clustering

Manual clustering of Shared Matches at Ancestry

I did some manual clustering of these matches using those from the “Shared Matches” tab for each match at Ancestry and also the In Common With or “ICW Report” available from DNAGedcom and placed them into a grid in a spreadsheet to compare who matched with who. I focused on the orange and yellow group from the Leeds spreadsheet and found a further group of smaller matches.

Auto Clustering

Auto Clustering report from DNA Gedcom

Auto Clustering organises your DNA matches into shared match clusters that likely descended from common ancestors. Each of the coloured cells represents an intersection between two of your matches, meaning that both individuals match you and each other.

Each colour represents one shared match cluster. Members of a cluster match you and most or all of the other cluster members.

I ran the Auto Clustering tool that is available through DNAGedcom which is known as the Collins’ Leeds Method. This presented me with a very similar group of matches to those using the Leeds Method and my own manual clustering, showing 3 distinct groups but with some overlapping matches that you can see in the grey boxes.

You can access other Auto cluster tools through Genetic Affairs, My Heritage and Gedmatch. 
There is also a free tool available called Shared Clustering which you can download to your desktop.

One of these matches, Rob, had a tree and was in dad’s Thrulines™ as a descendant of Dad’s 3 times great grandfather, James Cooper. 

ThruLines™  
Colin's Thrulines for his 3 x great grandfather, James Cooper

Thrulines™ uses Ancestry trees to suggest how you may be related to your DNA matches through common ancestors.

When I looked at dad’s Thrulines™ for James Cooper, there were in fact another 4 matches who all appeared to be descendants of Richard Cooper, a brother of dad’s 2 x great grandfather, Anthony.  These were much smaller matches and I may never have come across them as they would be too small to appear in any of dad’s shared matches.

Note, originally these matches would have appeared in Thrulines™ with “dotted” lines around their boxes (like the box for Eleanor) as I did not have all their lines in my tree at the time. Since I’ve now added them to my tree you can see they now appear as solid lines around each person. 

Pedigree Chart for my grandmother, Esther Rose Lillian Rake

The above image was my tree at the time I started this review of matches, showing the Cooper line back from my paternal grandmother, Esther through her father, Arthur Samuel Rake, his mother, Sarah Ann Cooper, her father Anthony Cooper and his parents, James Cooper and Sarah Martin. 

A Thrulines™ icon for a person in your tree indicates you may have DNA matches that are also related to this person.

If you don’t have any ThruLine icons on display, you may need to click on the DNA Discoveries button on the left, select the person/kit, which will then update your tree with any Thrulines™ for that person's ancestors.

What did I already know?

Ancestry Profile for my 3 x great grandfather, Anthony Cooper

I knew that Anthony Cooper and his brother, Richard had both been born in Oxford, the children of James Cooper and Sarah Martin who had married in 1808. I had also found baptisms for two sisters, Sarah and Amelia. I had no further record of the family until Anthony married Fanny Yeeles in 1842 in Southwark, London.  I had also found Richard’s marriage and his family on census records, however no further record of their parents, James and Sarah or either of their sisters. 

So now it was a matter of confirming these Thrulines™ hints and contacting all these shared matches and hoping for some replies to see how they connected back to the Cooper’s.  

I was in luck.  

I heard back from two of the matches fairly quickly, including the manager of Penny’s kit. Both were keen to try and work out our connection and although they both had reasonable trees, we couldn’t see anything obvious initially. 

Penny’s kit was managed by Jordan, her future son in law, and he also managed her two children’s kits who were also shared matches. While we both had Cooper’s in our trees, we could not place Penny’s family, the dates/locations did not work. 

Nancy, the other match who replied, was in Canada and she had multiple unlinked trees. However, based on a shared match, she was able to determine which of her lines we matched, but her tree stopped at her great grandparents who were born in London and immigrated to Canada. This was however promising as we knew our Cooper’s had moved from Oxfordshire to London.

Quick and Dirty (Q&D) Trees

Q&D Tree

I started by building a Quick and Dirty Tree for Nancy’s grandmother, Dora. Her parents were Edwin Covey and Catherine Clements. While the name Clements was not in my tree - it did ring a bell. 

Catherine Clements was born in 1857 the daughter of Valentine Clements and Catherine Hurley. I found Catherine Hurley’s baptism in 1831 and her marriage in 1846, both in the parish of St John, Horsleydown confirming her parents were John and Sarah Hurley. 

1851 Census - Paradise St, Rotherhithe, Surrey

As I was building Nancy’s tree and reviewing some of the records. I also noticed that at the time of the 1851 census, Valentine and Catherine were living at 84 Paradise St. 

Hmmm….that’s a familiar address. 

Birth Certificate - Sarah Ann Cooper - 1851 Rotherhithe, Surrey

It is where Anthony’s daughter, Sarah Ann Cooper, dad’s great grandmother was born in 1851.

So I started to examine the various documents I already had on this family and noticed:

Marriage Certificate - Anthony Cooper and Fanny Yeeles - 1842 St John Southwark, Surrey

John and Sarah Hurley were the witnesses at Anthony’s marriage to Fanny Yeeles in 1842.

Marriage Certificate - Thomas Richard Rake and Sarah Ann Cooper - 1868 Rotherhithe, Surrey. 


Catherine Clements was a witness at Sarah Ann Cooper’s marriage in 1868. 

This John and Sarah Hurley seemed to be popping up everywhere!

Census records

1851 Census - Paradise St, Rotherhithe, Surrey


I then looked for John and Sarah Hurley on census records and noted that they were also living nearby at 86 Paradise St in 1851, John was born in Ireland and Sarah's birthplace is noted as Islip, Oxford! 

Further research revealed that Amelia Smith who was also residing at 84 Paradise St in 1851, was Amelia Cooper, having married James Smith in 1836. Witnesses at their marriage were also John and Sarah Hurley! 

So who are John and Sarah Hurley? 


I found John and Sarah Hurley, along with Dennis Hurley, Thomas Hurley, Catherine Hurley and Anthony Cooper - all living together in Paradise St at the time of the 1841 census!

My theory is that Sarah Hurley is Sarah Martin - wife of James Martin, mother of Anthony, Richard and Amelia. I’m not sure what happened to James, but Sarah appears to marry or have a relationship with John Hurley (I haven’t been able to find a marriage) and they have a further two children, Thomas and Catherine. 



I had previously found a baptism for Sarah Martin at Islip, Oxfordshire, and now based on the census, these other records, and DNA, I’m confident that this relates to Sarah and can now take her line back a further generation by confirming her parents as William and Ann Martin.


Sarah Hurley aged 66 (wife of John) of Paradise St was buried 13 June 1852 at St Mary Rotherhithe. John Hurley appears to “marry” again as he is in later census with a new wife, Mary.

Parish Register records - Oxfordshire

I also subsequently found the baptism for Sarah’s first husband, James and was also able to take the Cooper line back a further three generations through various parish register records in Oxfordshire.

Updated Family Tree

Updated Family Tree

This is our updated family tree back from dad’s great grandmother, Sarah Ann Cooper.  

You can see Thrulines hints (blue icon) on many of her lines. 

Updated ThruLines™

Updated ThruLines for Dad through Sarah Martin 

This image shows Dad’s updated ThruLines™ for Sarah Martin - he now has 16 confirmed matches, through three of Sarah’s children. 6 of these are through Anthony (which is our line) and there are now 7 matches on Richard’s line and we have 3 through their half sister, Catherine Hurley’s line.

Confirmed DNA Matches

Confirmed DNA Matches

I have since heard back from some of the other matches and others I have been able to build out their trees, so Dad now has over 20 Confirmed DNA matches at Ancestry on this line - including Penny!  

This image shows how each of these matches fit into the tree back to Sarah Martin and shows how many centimorgans they each share with dad.

So how did Penny fit into the tree? As it turned out, after working together with Jordan, sharing our DNA matches, building trees and using the What are the Odds "WATO” tool at DNA Painter, he discovered that her Cooper’s were on her maternal line and had nothing to do with the Cooper’s in our tree. They were just there to confuse us! 

Penny is a 4th cousin once removed on her paternal line, being a descendant of Anthony’s brother, Richard, through his daughter, Henrietta. 

Nancy, our other helpful match is a half 4th cousin, through Anthony and Richard’s half sister, Catherine Hurley. 

So for now, while we have tree triangulation, unfortunately, none of these matches have uploaded to
any of the sites with a chromosome browser...so that’s the next goal for this group - to compare the shared segments!
__________

The above was presented as a webinar to members of the Society of Australian Genealogists DNA Intermediate Research Group on 16 May 2020.